The effects of water pollution on the immersion corrosion of mild and low alloy steels

The short-term immersion corrosion of mild and low alloy steels in seawaters is known to be proportional to the concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the bulk water. Longer-term corrosion is a function of the activity of sulphate-reducing bacteria and is influenced by the concentration of nutrients in the bulk water. These influences are examined in more detail for the corrosion of steels in the brackish waters of the River Thames and for several immersion corrosion sites on the Eastern Australian seaboard and in the North Sea. The published data sources were supplemented with plausible assumptions about environmental conditions. New interpretations of the data are provided based on the previously published model for immersion corrosion. For waters with negligible salinity and sulphate levels early corrosion loss was shown to depend on the dissolved oxygen content of the waters, and later corrosion loss was a direct function of nitrogenous nutrient (pollution) levels. This also applies to longer-term corrosion.     

Analysis of microbial adaptation at enzyme level for enhancing biodegradation rate of BTX

Catechol was found to be a common intermediate in the degradation of benzene and toluene byAlcaligenes xyhsoxidans Y234, and the ring cleavage of the catechol mediated by catechol 1,2-dioxygenase was a rate-determining step. Since benzene induced higher level of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase than toluene, the cells pre-adapted to benzene showed higher degradation rate of benzene and toluene. The degradation rate ofm-xylene was also increased significantly when benzene-adapted cells were inoculated.m-Xylene was metabolized via 3-methyl catechol which was effectively cleaved by catechol 1,2-dioxygenase.     

Ca—Mg系复合凝聚剂富集分离造纸法烟草薄片废水处理及资源化研究

采用制备的Ca—Mg系复合凝聚剂,对造纸法烟草薄片废水进行高效固-液分离,以大大降低后续生化处理负荷。获得的污泥固体富含烟碱类物质而进一步提取,用于生物源杀虫剂的活性成份;提取后的污泥固体用作粉状杀虫剂的载附剂,完全达到资源化利用。采用该法单级分离COD去除率可达到70％-80％,具有一定实用价值。     

混凝法去除水中TiO2纳米颗粒

为了探讨混凝法去除水中纳米颗粒的可行性及最佳条件,研究了无机混凝剂（PAC、PFS、PAFC）和有机絮凝剂（CPAM、APAM、NPAM）对TiO₂纳米颗粒的去除效果,并考察了投加量、pH、沉淀时间、水力条件及有机无机复配对TiO₂纳米颗粒去除效率的影响。单独投加PAC、PFS和PAFC时,三者对应的最高去除率分别为92.51%、84.43%、95.66%。单独投加CPAM、APAM、NPAM时三者对应的去除率仅为61.72%、29.06%、55.37%。复配最佳混凝条件为：投加40 mg/LPAC和3 mg/LCPAM,pH值为9,G值143.5/s,沉淀时间15 min,此时,TiO₂纳米颗粒去除率为99.6%。     

絮凝剂在大庆油田中的应用

综述了絮凝剂的种类、用途和作用原理，分析了国内外絮凝剂技术的现状及发展方向。并就絮凝剂在大庆油田中的应用现状做了描述，指出大庆油田的水质特性及对絮凝剂的要求，提出了今后的工作重点。     

化妆品微生物挑战试验

本文参照美国化妆品、盥洗用品和香精协会（CTFA）推荐的防腐体系效能评价方法，研究了不同产品在相同防腐条件下，微生物挑战试验结果的差异性。     

石灰混凝法处理污水厂二级出水的实验研究

通过对石灰混凝法去除城市污水处理厂二级出水有机物最佳处理条件的研究,结果表明:采用干投石灰法比湿投石灰法对有机物的去除效果好;通过对比试验与正交试验,确定了最佳药剂组合为石灰、PFS、PDMDAAC、HPAM组合,其中复合絮凝剂中PFS的最佳投加量为15-25mg/L,PDMDAAC的最佳投加量为1.0-2.0mg/L,HPAM的最佳投加量为0.5-1.0mg/L,对有机物的去除率达50%以上,出水清澈透明,可回收利用。     

大浪淀水库水直接过滤处理工艺中絮凝剂的筛选

在利用直接过滤法处理大浪淀水库水应用研究的试验中，分别投加硫酸铝、聚合铝、聚合氯化铁、聚硅铝4种絮凝剂后，先根据进入床层前的水中颗粒的粒径分布情况进行了絮凝剂的筛选，同时以筛选的絮凝剂的处理效果作以比较，然后还对滤床各层截污分布情况进行了分析，最终确定了最适合的絮凝剂种类是聚合氯化铁。     

Customized Utilization Strategies of Industrial Lignin to Produce Adsorbents and Flocculants Based on Fractionation and Adequate Structural Interpretation

Lignin, a by-product of pulping and biorefinery, has great potential to replace petrochemical resources for wastewater purification. However, the defects of lignin, such as severe heterogeneity, inferior reactivity and poor solubility, characterize the production process of lignin-based products by high energy consumption and serious pollution. In this study, several lignin fractions with relatively homogeneous structure were first obtained by organic solvent fractionation, and their structures were fully deciphered by various characterization techniques. Subsequently, each lignin component was custom-valued for wastewater purification based on their structural characteristics. Benefiting from the high reactivity and reaction accessibility, the lignin fraction (lignin-1) refined by dissolving in ethanol and n-butanol could been used as a raw material to produce cationic lignin-based flocculant (LBF) in a copolymerization system using green, cheap and recyclable ethanol as solvent. The lignin fraction (lignin-2) extracted by methanol and dioxane showed low reactivity and high carbon content, which was used to produce lignin-based activated carbon (LAC) with phosphoric acid as activator. Moreover, the influences of synthetic factors on the purification capacity were discussed, and the LBF and LAC produced under the optimal conditions showed distinguished purification effect on kaolin suspension and heavy metal wastewater, respectively. Furthermore, the corresponding purification mechanism and external factors were also elaborated. It is believed that this cleaner production strategy is helpful for the valorization of lignin in wastewater resources.